Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas that is highly toxic. It is produced when fuels like gas, wood, coal, and oil do not burn completely. Common sources include faulty gas appliances, car exhaust fumes, and open fires in poorly ventilated spaces.
In England and Wales, around 30 people die from unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning each year. While this fatality rate is low compared to other countries, it’s largely due to the UK’s strict legislation and gas safety regulations. However, when travelling abroad, the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning can increase, particularly in countries with poor regulation and enforcement.
This blog will first cover the essential information you need to know about carbon monoxide poisoning, including what it is, common signs and symptoms, how long it can last, and how to treat it. The following section will then focus on actionable steps you can take to mitigate the risks of carbon monoxide poisoning while travelling abroad.
What is carbon monoxide poisoning?
Inhaling carbon monoxide prevents the blood from carrying oxygen to the body’s organs and tissues, which can be fatal if exposed for a prolonged period of time or left untreated.
What are the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Exposure to small amounts of carbon monoxide may lead to flu-like symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, difficulty breathing, fatigue, and mental fog.
As such, it can be hard to tell the difference between the effects of being exposed to carbon monoxide at low levels for a long time and other common illnesses.
The key differences to look out for is to see if you are near any sources that could expose you to carbon monoxide or if other people around you are affected with similar symptoms.
How long does carbon monoxide poisoning last?
The duration of carbon monoxide poisoning depends on the level of exposure and how quickly you get fresh air or medical treatment. With mild exposure, symptoms can begin to improve within a few hours after moving to fresh air. It might take several hours to a day for all symptoms to fully resolve,
but the recovery time is usually shorter if exposure was mild and prompt action was taken.
In more severe cases, those affected might require medical treatment such as oxygen therapy, which speeds up the elimination of carbon monoxide from the body. This treatment is typically administered in a hospital and can take several hours to a few days depending on the severity. In cases of severe poisoning, long-term effects, such as cognitive issues or nerve damage, may last for weeks or even months if not treated quickly.
How to treat carbon monoxide poisoning?
If you are exposed to or suspect to be exposed to carbon monoxide, get fresh air immediately by going outside and evacuate the area if you can. If symptoms persist or you’re unsure, call emergency services right away. Carbon monoxide poisoning can be life-threatening, so it’s crucial not to take any chances.
How can I be aware of where I stay to mitigate the risks of carbon monoxide poisoning?
a. Are certain countries or regions at higher risk for carbon monoxide poisoning?
Some countries or regions may have higher rates of carbon monoxide poisoning, often due to lax regulations or less stringent safety measures. It’s important to research the safety standards in the destination you’re visiting, especially if you’re travelling to a destination with a higher incidence of carbon monoxide-related incidents.
b. Does the type of accommodation impact carbon monoxide poisoning risk?
Yes, the type of accommodation you choose can significantly affect your risk. Budget accommodations, such as backpacker hostels or lower-cost rentals, may not always adhere to safety regulations. They may lack proper ventilation, carbon monoxide detectors, or maintenance of heating and cooking systems, all of which increase the risk of carbon monoxide exposure.
c. What should I ask my accommodation provider about carbon monoxide safety?
Before booking, make sure to ask the landlord or host about carbon monoxide safety measures in place. Inquire whether the property is equipped with carbon monoxide detectors and if the heating or cooking systems are regularly maintained. If you’re staying in a homestay, hostel, or Airbnb, it’s especially important to verify that the accommodation complies with local safety standards.
Should I consider carrying a personal carbon monoxide alarm?
Another important step in protecting yourself from carbon monoxide poisoning while travelling is carrying a personal carbon monoxide alarm. These small, portable devices can detect harmful carbon monoxide levels in your environment, providing an early warning should the air quality become dangerous.
A personal carbon monoxide alarm is especially useful when staying in accommodations where you’re unsure about the safety standards, such as remote areas or budget properties. Carrying one gives you peace of mind and can be a life-saving tool, helping you avoid prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide. You can buy them for around £10-20 and the portable travel ones can give you peace of mind no matter where you’re staying.
While carbon monoxide poisoning can be a serious risk while taking a gap year or travelling abroad, being proactive about where you stay and carrying a personal alarm can significantly reduce the chances of exposure. By staying informed, asking the right questions, and taking simple precautions, you can significantly reduce the risks of being exposed to carbon monoxide poisoning. Stay aware, stay safe, and enjoy your travels with peace of mind.
For more tips and advice on carbon monoxide alarms, check out the Safer Tourism Foundation here and always check the gov.uk Travel Advice and Travel Aware campaign for updates.
By Amileh Begum